![]() ![]() This approach might be particularly useful for the treatment of drugs-resistant cancer cells that have become adapted to stress. Therefore, combinations of ROS-generating agents with compounds capable of abrogating cellular antioxidant defense systems are likely to have an additive or even synergistic effect. However, due to the presence of oxidative stress adaptive mechanisms, the use of ROS-generating agents alone may not be sufficient to efficiently kill cancer cells. ROS generation is considered as a key mechanism of vitK3-induced cell death, and ROS-mediated cancer cell killing is receiving increasing attention. Additional studies are clearly warranted to optimize the anticancer therapeutic effect of vitK3 and to minimize its toxic side effects. Taken together, these mixed results indicate that the cancer types, doses of vitK3 and its combination with other drugs, influence the effectiveness of vitK3 as an adjuvant or co-adjuvant in chemotherapy. However, a clinical phase I/IIa study of the combination of vitK3 and vitamin C in a group of end stage prostate cancer patients who failed standard therapy showed a strong synergistic effect. An early study showed that vitK3 potentiates radiation efficiency in patients with buccal carcinoma, but a clinical phase II trial of vitK3 and mitomycin C combination in advanced lung cancer patients and gastrointestinal cancer patients failed to demonstrate benefit. On the basis of the synergistic cytotoxicity between vitK3 and other anticancer drugs such as mitomycin C, vitamin C, or radiation in vitro, clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic effect of these combinations have been carried out. ![]() A clinical phase I study showed that vitK3 is reasonably well-tolerated, and the concentrations that are required for suppressing tumor growth in vitro are clinically achievable. The encouraging results obtained in cell models regarding vitK3 anticancer activity have prompted several in vivo investigations. The association of vitK3-induced cell death with the cellular depletion of glutathione, NADPH oxidation, the occurrence of macromolecular damage, and the disruption of calcium homeostasis, support the notion that the anticancer activity of vitK3 is linked to oxidative stress. VitK3 exhibits anticancer activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines. Rather, vitamin K3 (vitK3) is readily redox cycled, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consuming NADPH. Vitamin K3 (2-methyl-1, 4 naphthoquinone, also known as menadione) is a form of vitamin K that does not participate in the synthesis of coagulation proteins. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |